Subsequently, the researchers collected fecal samples from the first group and administered them to the second group via fecal microbiota transplantation, allowing them to receive the gut bacteria responsible for the inflammation. As expected, the second group of mice also began to exhibit autism-like behaviors.
Although the study was conducted only with rats
, it lays the groundwork for future research to determine the extent to which maternal gut health contributes to the development of neurodevelopmental disorders.
“To translate our findings to humans, the next crucial step would be to identify the microbiome characteristics in pregnant women that correlate with autism risk,” Lukens said. “In my opinion, it’s critical to figure out how to modulate the maternal microbiome in the most effective and safe way possible.”
While blocking IL-17a could also be a way to prevent autism, Lukens noted that this approach carries certain risks. “During pregnancy, the body accepts foreign tissue: the fetus,” she explained. “Therefore, maintaining embryonic health requires a complex balance of immune regulation, which explains the general reluctance to manipulate the immune system during this period.”
He suggested that there are many other molecules to explore, since IL-17a represents only a small part of a much larger picture.
